光谱单位换算Spectroscopic unit converter
在任意一行输入数值，其余各行立即显示换算结果（高亮的那一行是你输入的）。波长是真空波长。 Type a value in any row; all other rows update at once (the highlighted row is your input). Wavelengths are vacuum wavelengths.
公式与适用条件Formulas and conditions
- E = h·ν = h·c·ν̃ = h·c/λ （ν̃ 以 m⁻¹ 计，λ 以 m 计；1 cm⁻¹ = 100 m⁻¹）(ν̃ in m⁻¹, λ in m; 1 cm⁻¹ = 100 m⁻¹)
- Emolar = NA·E （kJ/mol = J/mol ÷ 10³；kcal/mol = J/mol ÷ 4184，热化学卡）(kJ/mol = J/mol ÷ 10³; kcal/mol = J/mol ÷ 4184, thermochemical calorie)
- T = E / kB 等效温度只是能量的另一种写法（这个能量相当于多少 K 的热能 kBT），不是光源或样品的温度。The equivalent temperature is just another way to write the energy (this energy equals kBT at that temperature); it is not the temperature of a source or sample.
- λ[nm] = 10⁷ / ν̃[cm⁻¹]，λ[µm] = 10⁴ / ν̃[cm⁻¹]；hc/e = 1239.841984… nm·eV。
- 波长是真空波长。空气中的波长 λ空气 = λ真空/n，空气折射率 n ≈ 1.0003（随温度、气压、湿度和波长变化），可见光区两者相差约 0.03%（633 nm 处约 0.17 nm）。本工具不做折射率换算：仪器标称的空气波长要先换成真空波长。
- Wavelengths are vacuum wavelengths. The air wavelength is λair = λvac/n with n ≈ 1.0003 (depends on temperature, pressure, humidity and wavelength): about 0.03% in the visible (≈ 0.17 nm at 633 nm). This tool does not convert refractive indices: convert instrument-quoted air wavelengths to vacuum first.
- 适用范围：单光子能量、频率之间的数值对应关系。输入必须大于 0。不涉及介质色散、多普勒频移、相对论效应。kcal 指热化学卡（1 calth = 4.184 J，精确）；其他定义的卡（如国际蒸汽表卡 4.1868 J）约差 0.07%。
- Scope: numerical relations between single-photon energy, frequency and wavelength. Inputs must be > 0. No dispersion, Doppler shift or relativistic effects. kcal means the thermochemical calorie (1 calth = 4.184 J, exact); other calories (e.g. 4.1868 J) differ by about 0.07%.
显示位数只是格式，结果准确度受输入精度和所用假设限制；本工具不做不确定度传递。Displayed digits are only formatting; accuracy is limited by your inputs and the assumptions used. No uncertainty propagation is done.